Die casting moulds, also known as die molds or dies, are specialized tools used in the die casting process to shape metals and alloys into precise and complex automotive components. Die casting is a high-pressure casting process that involves injecting molten metal into a mould cavity under extremely high pressures. The metal rapidly solidifies, and the mould is opened to release the final component. Die casting is favored for producing intricate and dimensionally accurate parts with excellent surface finish and mechanical properties. 

Design and Construction:

Die casting moulds are typically made from high-strength tool steel or, in some cases, from hot-work tool steel, which can withstand the high pressures and temperatures involved in the die casting process. The mould design must account for thermal expansion and contraction during the casting process to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the final component. Cooling channels are incorporated into the mould to regulate the temperature and ensure uniform solidification of the metal.

Types of Die Casting Moulds:

There are two primary types of die casting moulds used in the automotive industry:

Cold Chamber Die Casting Moulds: In cold chamber die casting, the molten metal is ladled into a shot chamber outside the mould, and then a plunger forces the metal into the mould cavity. Cold chamber die casting is commonly used for metals with higher melting points, such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys.

Hot Chamber Die Casting Moulds: Hot chamber die casting is suitable for metals with lower melting points, such as zinc and some magnesium alloys. In this process, the shot chamber is immersed in the molten metal, and a gooseneck system draws the metal into the mould cavity using a piston.